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Orange River

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description Orange River Overview

The Orange River is the longest river in South Africa, extending roughly 2,200 kilometers from the Drakensberg highlands of Lesotho to the Atlantic Ocean. Known as the Senqu in Lesotho, it flows generally westward across an arid interior and forms part of the international boundary between South Africa and Namibia. Its water is extensively managed for irrigation and hydroelectric power through dams and transfer schemes.

help Orange River FAQ

Where does the Orange River begin, and what is it called in Lesotho?

It rises in the highlands of Lesotho, where it is known as the Senqu River. It then flows westward through South Africa toward the Atlantic Ocean. [Orange-Senqu River plan](https://wis.orasecom.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/3_PDFsam_Road_Map_AppendixA_20240.pdf)

How long is the Orange River?

The Orange River extends roughly 2,200 kilometers, making it the longest river in South Africa. The figure is normally given as an approximation because river length depends on how the source and mouth are measured. [Orange-Senqu River plan](https://wis.orasecom.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/3_PDFsam_Road_Map_AppendixA_20240.pdf)

Which way does the Orange River flow?

It flows generally westward across the dry interior of southern Africa. The river eventually reaches the Atlantic Ocean on the west coast. [South African government geography guide](https://www.gov.za/about-sa/geography-and-climate)

Does the Orange River form an international border?

Yes, part of the lower Orange River forms the border between South Africa and Namibia. The river basin also includes Lesotho and Botswana. [South African government geography guide](https://www.gov.za/about-sa/geography-and-climate)

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