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Sphalerite

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description Sphalerite Overview

Sphalerite is a zinc sulfide mineral (ZnS) and the chief ore of zinc. Transparent specimens are faceted into collector's gemstones, noted for high dispersion exceeding that of diamond. Notable sources include Spain and Mexico, and its colors range from yellow and red to brown and black.

help Sphalerite FAQ

What is sphalerite made of?

Sphalerite is zinc sulfide, with the chemical formula ZnS. It is the principal ore of zinc and may also contain iron, cadmium, manganese, or other trace elements. [Mindat](https://www.mindat.org/min-3727.html)

Why does sphalerite have so much fire as a gemstone?

Transparent sphalerite has a refractive index around 2.37 and dispersion above 0.150, so it separates white light into strong spectral flashes. Its dispersion is higher than diamond's, although sphalerite is much softer. [GIA](https://www.gia.edu/gems-gemology/spring-2024-gemnews-sphalerite-from-spain)

What colors and sources are associated with gem-quality sphalerite?

Sphalerite can be yellow, orange, red, brown, green, or nearly black depending partly on impurities such as iron. Facet-grade material is especially associated with Cantabria in Spain, while Mexico is another recognized source. [GIA](https://www.gia.edu/gems-gemology/spring-2024-gemnews-sphalerite-from-spain)

Is sphalerite durable enough for an everyday ring?

Usually not. Its Mohs hardness is only about 3.5 to 4, and it has perfect cleavage, so a faceted sphalerite is better protected in a collector's piece or occasional-wear jewelry than in a daily ring. [Mindat](https://www.mindat.org/min-3727.html)

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