Top Results for Crustose

Graphis scripta, the script lichen, is a crustose lichen that grows primarily on the bark of trees. Its pale, tightly attached thallus is marked by black lirellae, elongated fungal fruiting structures that resemble written characters or strokes of script. The species is associated with shaded woodla...

Porolithon onkodes is a species of crustose coralline red alga prevalent across Indo-Pacific coral reefs. It functions as a primary reef-building organism by depositing calcium carbonate, which helps cement reef rubble together. This algal species often dominates exposed reef crests, forming durable...

Dibaeis baeomyces is a terricolous lichen that commonly grows on acidic, exposed soils, especially where vegetation is sparse or the ground has been disturbed. Its primary thallus is crustose to squamulose, while its most distinctive reproductive structures are pale stalks bearing pink to red apothe...

Placopsis gelida is a crustose lichen that grows on exposed siliceous rock, especially in cold alpine and Arctic environments. It forms a tightly attached thallus with pale or grayish areas and distinctive pink to reddish reproductive structures or cephalodia, depending on the stage and interpretati...

Icmadophila ericetorum is a lichen commonly known as fairy puke, a name referring to its conspicuous pale pink to salmon-colored apothecia. It grows on acidic peat, humus, and decaying wood in damp heathland, moorland, and cool forest habitats. The species is a crustose lichen, although its fruiting...

Ochrolechia tartarea is a crustose lichen that grows on exposed rock surfaces, especially in cool and humid regions. It is historically associated with cudbear, a purple dye made from certain lichen species and formerly produced in Scotland and Scandinavia. The species is of interest both as a saxic...

Thelotrema lepadinum is a crustose lichen with a pale gray, warted thallus and apothecia that are immersed in the thallus. It commonly grows on bark in humid, oceanic woodlands. The species was described by the Swedish lichenologist Erik Acharius in 1810 and is associated with the barnacle-lichen gr...

Clathromorphum circumscriptum is a species of crustose coralline red algae found in cold-water marine environments, particularly in the Arctic and subarctic regions. It grows by depositing annual layers of calcium carbonate, creating a hardened skeleton that can persist for centuries. Because these...

Calicium viride is a pin lichen with small, black, stalked fruiting bodies. The tops of these structures are covered by yellowish, dust-like spores or pruina, giving the species a distinctive appearance under magnification. It commonly occurs on old wood, including sun-exposed fence posts and weathe...

Baeomyces rufus is a crustose lichen with reddish, stalked apothecia that resemble small mushrooms. It commonly colonizes bare, acidic soil and shaded rock, where its fruiting structures rise above the crust-like thallus. The species is associated with pioneer lichen communities on sparsely vegetate...

Caloplaca marina is a saxicolous, crustose lichen associated with rocky marine shorelines. Its thallus can appear orange to yellow-orange, and the species is adapted to exposed coastal surfaces that receive salt spray and periodic wetting by seawater. It is of interest to lichen observers studying i...

Caloplaca aurantia is an orange crustose lichen that grows tightly attached to mineral surfaces, particularly sun-exposed calcareous rock. Its bright orange thallus and fruiting structures help distinguish it from less strongly pigmented crustose lichens, although accurate identification may require...

Verrucaria maura is a lichenized fungus associated with the upper intertidal and splash zones of rocky seashores. Its dark brown to black crust forms persistent patches or bands on exposed rock, giving the species a tar-like appearance across coastal surfaces. The species is adapted to periodic salt...

Arthonia radiata is a crustose lichen that grows on tree bark and produces dark, radiating reproductive structures. These markings can form star-like or branching patterns embedded in the otherwise inconspicuous surface of the thallus. The species is relevant to lichen identification because its app...

Caloplaca flavescens is a saxicolous, calcicolous lichen in the orange or yellow-orange group of crustose lichens traditionally placed in the genus Caloplaca. It grows on exposed calcareous rock, especially limestone, where its colored thallus and reproductive structures form visible patches. The sp...

Mycoblastus sanguinarius is a crustose lichen that grows on the bark of trees and on decaying wood, particularly in cool boreal and montane environments. Its name refers to the reddish pigment visible in the medulla or when the thallus is damaged, a feature that helps distinguish it from some relate...

Placynthium nigrum is a distinctive cyanolichen recognized by its black, radiating rosettes of crinkled lobes, commonly found colonizing damp, calcareous rocks and stonework.

Tephromela atra is a crustose lichen characterized by its striking white margins and black fruiting discs, formally reclassified by Austrian botanist Josef Hafellner in 1984.

Lecanora conizaeoides is a crustose lichen and an obligate acidophile, growing on acidic bark, wood, siliceous rock, walls, decaying plant material, peat, and other low-pH substrates. In western and central Europe it became abundant during periods of high sulfur dioxide pollution because the polluta...

Opegrapha atra is a crustose lichen commonly called the common script lichen. It usually grows on the bark of trees in shaded woodland habitats, where its black, narrow, slit-like fruiting bodies, known as lirellae, form the script-like markings associated with the genus. The species was described b...

Lecanora muralis, often treated under the current name Protoparmeliopsis muralis, is a placodioid lichen that forms pale yellow-green rosettes with lobed margins and disc-like apothecia. It commonly grows on exposed rock and on man-made mineral surfaces such as concrete, paving, asphalt, roof tiles,...

Caloplaca saxicola is an orange crustose lichen that is also treated in some classifications under the genus Calogaya. Its thallus is closely attached to the substrate but becomes lobed at the margins, while orange apothecia commonly develop near the lobe tips; it lacks isidia and soredia. The liche...

Caloplaca citrina is a crustose lichen with a bright yellow to orange thallus that can resemble the color of a lemon. It grows on alkaline surfaces, especially calcareous rock, limestone, mortar, and masonry, and is therefore frequently encountered on buildings and other structures in towns and citi...

Peccania coralloides is a small lichen in the genus Peccania, a group of lichens associated with cyanobacteria as their photosynthetic partner. It is recognizable by its dark, coralloid growth form, in which short branches or lobes form a compact cushion-like thallus. The species is associated with...

Ochrolechia parella is a crustose lichen with a thick, gray to cream thallus that may be smooth or warted and is often bordered by a white prothallus. Its pinkish to beige apothecia have swollen margins and a powdery surface, and can occur in large, crowded groups. The species commonly grows on hard...

Opegrapha varia is a crustose lichen that grows on the bark of trees, especially the relatively smooth bark of deciduous species. Its most distinctive structures are elongated black lirellae, narrow slit-like fruiting bodies that may appear singly or in groups across the pale crust. The species is a...

Trapeliopsis granulosa is a crustose lichen in the family Trapeliaceae, recognized by a granular to warted thallus that is usually white, pale gray, greenish gray, or partly pink. It commonly develops pale cream or yellowish soralia and may form brown to pinkish-brown apothecia. The species grows on...

Candelariella vitellina is a crustose lichen that forms yellow, mustard, orange, or brown-orange granules and patches. Its small apothecia are usually yellow or dull yellow and often darken with age, providing a useful feature for recognition. The species grows on siliceous and calcareous rock, conc...

Diplotomma alboatrum is a crustose lichen with a chalky white, pale gray, ochre, or pale brown thallus that is often cracked or areolate. Its small black apothecia may be covered with a whitish powder and are frequently abundant on the thallus. The species grows on calcareous and siliceous rock, bar...