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Large Tortoiseshell

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description Large Tortoiseshell Overview

The Large Tortoiseshell (Nymphalis polychloros) is a butterfly species belonging to the Nymphalidae family, native to Europe and parts of Asia. It is characterized by its broad orange wings marked with black and dark brown spots, along with a distinctive white fringe along the edges. Although once widespread, the species has experienced significant population declines in northern Europe and is currently considered functionally extinct as a breeding species in Britain.

help Large Tortoiseshell FAQ

How is the Large Tortoiseshell different from the Small Tortoiseshell?

The Large Tortoiseshell is Nymphalis polychloros, while the Small Tortoiseshell is Aglais urticae. The Large is bigger and more orange-brown, with broader dark markings and a pale fringe, while the Small usually shows a brighter white apical spot and clearer blue marginal dots.

Where does the Large Tortoiseshell live?

It is native across parts of Europe, North Africa, Turkey, and temperate Asia, extending toward the Himalayas. It favors warm, sunny deciduous woods, forest edges, orchards, and tree-lined places.

What plants feed Large Tortoiseshell caterpillars?

Caterpillars use woody plants including elm, willow, poplar, hawthorn, pear, and other fruit trees. The loss of elms through Dutch elm disease is one factor associated with regional declines.

Does the Large Tortoiseshell hibernate?

Yes, it normally has one generation per year and overwinters as an adult butterfly. Adults emerge in spring, while the new generation appears later in the year after the caterpillar and pupal stages.

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