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Hellbender

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description Hellbender Overview

The Hellbender is a species of giant aquatic salamander scientifically known as Cryptobranchus alleganiensis and native to the eastern United States. It is the largest salamander in North America, capable of reaching lengths of up to 74 centimeters. The species exclusively inhabits clear, fast-flowing, oxygen-rich streams and rivers where it relies on rocky crevices for shelter. Due to habitat loss and water pollution, hellbender populations have experienced severe declines, classifying them as Near Threatened.

help Hellbender FAQ

Why is the hellbender called North America's largest salamander?

Adult hellbenders can approach about 74 centimeters in length, making Cryptobranchus alleganiensis larger than any other North American salamander. Its closest giant-salamander relatives live in China and Japan.

Do hellbenders have gills, and how do they breathe underwater?

Adults generally lack external gills and absorb much of their oxygen through loose, folded skin. That adaptation works best in cool, clear and fast-flowing streams with high dissolved oxygen.

Are hellbenders dangerous or venomous?

Hellbenders are not venomous and normally avoid people by sheltering beneath large rocks. They eat aquatic prey such as crayfish and do not pose the kind of threat implied by folk names like devil dog.

What is the difference between an eastern hellbender and an Ozark hellbender?

They are recognized as subspecies of Cryptobranchus alleganiensis. The Ozark hellbender has a much smaller range in rivers of southern Missouri and northern Arkansas and is federally listed as endangered in the United States.

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